Umbilical Hernia occurs when part of the intestine protrudes through an opening in the abdominal muscles near the navel (umbilicus). This condition is often seen in infants but can also occur in adults. In infants, it typically results from incomplete closure of the abdominal wall after birth. In adults, factors such as obesity, multiple pregnancies, or abdominal surgeries can contribute to its development.
Clinical Evaluation
Physical Examination: A doctor can often diagnose an umbilical hernia through a physical examination, feeling for a bulge around the navel that becomes more noticeable when the patient is upright, coughing, or straining.
Patient History: Gathering information about the onset of symptoms, activities that exacerbate the condition, and any relevant medical or surgical history.
Imaging Studies
Ultrasound: Used to confirm the presence of the hernia and assess its contents, particularly if it is not easily detected during a physical exam.
CT Scan or MRI: Provides detailed images of the abdominal wall and internal organs, useful for planning surgery or diagnosing complications such as incarceration or strangulation of the hernia.
A noticeable bulge or swelling near the navel.
Pain or discomfort, especially when coughing, bending over, or lifting heavy objects.
In infants, the bulge is more apparent when they cry, cough, or strain.
In severe cases, signs of intestinal obstruction, such as vomiting, severe pain, and a firm, tender bulge that cannot be pushed back in.
Treatment options for umbilical hernia vary depending on the age of the patient and the severity of the condition.
Observation: Many umbilical hernias in infants close on their own by the age of 1 or 2. Regular monitoring by a healthcare provider is often recommended.
Surgical Repair: In adults and children with large or symptomatic hernias, surgical repair is typically recommended. This involves pushing the protruding tissue back into the abdomen and repairing the abdominal wall with stitches or a mesh patch to prevent recurrence.
Post-Surgical Care: After surgery, patients are advised to avoid strenuous activities and heavy lifting for several weeks. Pain management and wound care instructions are provided to ensure proper healing.
Emergency Treatment: If the hernia becomes incarcerated or strangulated, emergency surgery is necessary to restore blood flow to the affected tissue and prevent serious complications.